In this context, if the patients with MMD were originated from leptospiral exposure, then their age at onset (AAO) might have increased over time as a reduced exposure to leptospiral infection since 1996. Taking Hubei province for example, the final wave of leptospirosis outbreak occurred in 1996, and since then, the leptospirosis maintained a sporadic level (Figure 1) (Ma et al., 2021). These findings suggested a causal link might exist between leptospiral exposure and MMD.Īfter entering the 21st century, leptospirosis has been controlled at a pretty low prevalence in China (Zhang et al., 2012). Recently, epidemiologic studies from China uncovered the onset of MMD shows a clustered regional pattern, and leptospirosis may explain a cluster observed in Hubei province (Ma et al., 2021 Zhang et al., 2022). During this period, a unique neurologic disorder named leptospiral cerebral arteritis was broadly reported over China, which interestingly presented typical angiographic and pathological features of MMD (Liu et al., 1980 Liu et al., 1978). In the second half of the 20th century, leptospirosis severely threatened public health in China. Genetic studies have identified RNF213, as a susceptibility gene for MMD, but the low penetrance in genetically susceptible individuals suggests that a second hit is necessary to trigger disease onset (Asselman et al., 2022). MMD is a leading cause of stroke for both children and young adult, while the etiology remains largely unclear. Skin Tone (You can say normal for the default skin):Īnything else? (like glasses, hair clip etc.Moyamoya disease (MMD), a cerebrovascular disorder characterized by chronic progressive occlusion of the terminal internal carotid artery and dilated collateral microvessels near the base skull, developing collateral circulation like “puff of smoke” on angiography (Suzuki & Takaku, 1969).
If you don't write this list I'll ignore your reques I will put them up for download Private or public you chooseįor my sanity I will open up 10 slots at a time when all those 10 slots are completed I will open 5 more. I will not find the hairstyle of your OC. I am using Virtuall圓D's Base, his base has Yandere-chan stockings sadly I can't change them ill complete the ones off the list, my friends can ask me anytime for a request :P K, im closing this, basically its to stressful for me and most of the people here dont have mmd.
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